Landlords and tenants both have responsibilities relating to the property being leased – while landlords shoulder the biggest responsibility in terms of keeping the property in repair. Tenants are also expected to use the property in a ‘tenant-like manner’ – that is, not cause damage to the property and pay for the repair of any damage that is caused.

In most cases where repair is needed, it is obvious who is responsible – but what about if your tenant blocks the drains?
Section 11 of Landlord And Tenant Act 1985 makes clear the landlord’s responsibilities regarding upkeep of the property:

Landlords and tenants both have responsibilities relating to the property being leased – while landlords shoulder the biggest responsibility in terms of keeping the property in repair.

Tenants are also expected to use the property in a ‘tenant-like manner’ – that is, not cause damage to the property and pay for the repair of any damage that is caused. In most cases where repair is needed, it is obvious who is responsible – but what about if your tenant blocks the drains?
Section 11 of Landlord And Tenant Act 1985 makes clear the landlord’s responsibilities regarding upkeep of the property:

“the landlord must:

• keep in repair the structure.
• keep in repair exterior of the dwelling, including drains, gutters and external pipes.
• keep in repair and working order the installations in the dwelling for the supply of gas, electricity, water and for sanitation (including basins, sinks, baths and sanitary conveniences but not other fittings, appliances and fixtures for making use of the supply of water, gas or electricity, and
• keep in repair and proper working order the installation in the dwelling for space heating and heating water.”

Therefore, in most cases, a blocked drain would be the landlord’s responsibility.

The tenant’s responsibilities are harder to define clearly as they are not set out in legislation; however Letlink draws attention to a test case from the 1950s (Warren v Keen), in which the judge, Lord Denning, had the following to say:

“What does ‘to use the premises in a tenant-like manner’ mean?  The tenant must take care of the place. He or she must unstop the sink when it is blocked by his waste.  In short, he or she must do those little jobs about the place, which a reasonable tenant would do.”

Therefore, common law would suggest that part of the tenant’s responsibilities is to use the property’s drainage appropriately and clear any blockages caused by their waste.

What can landlords do to ensure that this responsibility is honoured?

It would be wise to write in the Tenancy Agreement your expectations of the tenants regarding the use of the drains and related items, for instance, not pouring cooking fats down the sink or flushing sanitary items down the toilet. If you do not include this in the Tenancy Agreement, make sure the tenant is otherwise aware of this.

You can also reasonably ask them to attempt to clear any blockage using a plunger and drain cleaner, bleach and/or hot water before contacting you. You should also check the drains when inspecting the property prior to the tenant leaving – if there is a blockage they have caused, you could be entitled to keep some or all of their tenancy deposit to cover the cost of clearing the blockage.

Of course, if your tenant has already left when you discover the blocked drain, there is little to nothing you can do about it. If you had completed a property inspection before their leaving, signed everything off and returned the deposit, the liability for repair falls to you. Therefore, it is vital that your tenants are aware of their responsibilities, and you thoroughly check the property over before they leave.

According to the British government website (Crown Copyright) and the 2004 Housing Act, it is landlords’ responsibility to keep their rented property safe and free from health hazards. This means that landlords need to take proactive actions as a must to ensure tenants healthy and safety conditions during their tenancy agreement. In this article, we outline some of the important safety and healthy precautions a landlord must take. First, let us explain the safety ones:

Gas safety:
If your property has a gas central heating installed, the first thing to do is to check when the next maintenance is due. The same applies to gas boilers. It is recommended that landlords carry out annual gas safety inspections with registered engineers. This maintenance should include a full check on the appliances and tubes installed across the property. It is vital to remember that you as a landlord will need to keep a copy of the gas safety certificate. You will need to give it to the estate agent who is renting the property on your behalf and/or tenants who have the rights to ask for it.

Here it is important to remember that you as a landlord need to receive your gas safety certificate within 28 days and make a note of when the next inspection is due on.

Electrical safety:
If you are renting your home with some electrical appliances, such as freezer, toasters, cooker, kettle and washing machine, it is it is important that you check they are working in perfect order. On top of that it is important that you check that all sockets are working properly and are safe to use. The same precautions apply to electric showers (if you have one) and light fittings. A registered engineer should give you a certificate that your fuse box is working and that all electrical devices have fully passed the safety tests.

Fire safety:
Landlords should be aware of the fire safety regulations. A very fundamental law is the fire alarm, sometimes misinterpreted as carbon monoxide alarm or smoke alarm. All properties in Britain should have smoke alarm strategically fitted around the house or flat. The batteries of the smoke alarms should be inspected regularly. With regards to flats and buildings, access to escape routes should be clearly sign posted, and extinguishers should be ready for action. One of the precautions that landlords can also take is to state clearly in the tenancy agreement that electrical appliances should be switched off if the tenant will be away for more than three weeks. Also, if you as a landlord is providing furniture or furnishings, such as a bed, mattress, sofa and table, for example, it is important to highlight that these must adhere to fire resistance policies and regulations.

Beyond providing safety precautions, the landlords must also ensure healthy ones. Here are some that landlords need to take into account:

Water heating: not too hot nor too cold. The taps in the sink, basins, toilet and other parts of the house must clearly display the difference between hot and cold water. Also, it is important that the water central valve location is easily reached in case a sink or toilet need fixing.

Mould and Damp: landlords must ensure that the rental home is damp and mould free. This is a safety issue as dump and mould is recognized by NHS as one of the root causes for respiratory and eczemas issues.

No trip hazards: imagine if you have a misplaced floor carpet in your rental home. This is a fall hazard and safety risk. Imagine if you have a staircase and one of the steps are dislocated. This is also a safety risk. The inspection of the place must assess that there are no trip hazards that can cause an accident to your tenants.

As a landlord, you must remember that you are potentially liable under the Defective Premises Act if the resident suffers death or injury as a result of a health and safety gap. It is important that safety and healthy checks are carried out regularly (minimum once a year) by registered engineers and that records of their visits are kept safe and in good order.

It is advisable that you as a landlord ask your estate agent to run a checklist and assessment on your property before you rent it. They may be able to help you in appointing registered engineers who can issue you with the health and safety certificates you need.

In an ideal world, all tenants would remain in their rented home until the end of their fixed term of tenancy. However, by their very nature, renters are not as predictable as that. Often choosing renting over buying as they perceive it to offer more flexibility, they are only a change of job or relationship status away from needing to move before they anticipated.

So what can landlords do if their tenant asks to leave early?

According to Gov.uk, the tenant is responsible for paying rent for the full term of their tenancy whether or not they wish to leave early. However, they can leave early without further liability for rent if there is a break clause in their Tenancy Agreement or if the landlord agrees to end the contract. If a tenant leaves the property before the end of the fixed term without giving notice of this, it is classed as abandonment and they should still be liable for rents due (although tracking them down to claim this may be an issue).

In the case of a break clause, the Tenancy Agreement should be clear on how much notice a tenant has to give. In most cases this is one month but you can set it to two months if you wish. It should also state when notice can be served from (e.g. after the first three months of the tenancy) and if there are any special procedures which need to be followed.

You cannot force a tenant to remain in the property, and as long as they are willing to pay rent for the remainder of the fixed term they can leave when they wish. In these instances, make sure you carry out any property checks before they leave so that if there is any damage to the property you can resolve this with them.

There is some confusion over whether a landlord can still claim rent from a leaving tenant for the full term of the tenancy if they are not actively looking for a new tenant. Some experts cite the case of Reichmann and Dunn v Gauntlett and Beveridge from 2006, from which a precedent can be drawn that a landlord does not have to ‘mitigate a tenant’s losses’ by trying to get a new tenant in as soon as possible.

However, this case related to a commercial property, and it is unclear whether the same precedent would stand in the event of a case being brought to the courts relating to a residential property.

Therefore, the safest option, and the best for all parties, would be to market the property to find a new tenant quickly. An unhappy tenant could cause you problems further down the line and potentially damage your reputation as an accommodating landlord. If you do decide to market the property, it is reasonable to expect the existing tenant to assist fully with viewings.

Another option is to ask the outgoing tenant to find a replacement – this saves you the hassle and expense of marketing the property, however you should make clear that you have final say over who takes over the tenancy, and do the appropriate checks on any candidate they find.

Ending a tenancy early is a troublesome but inevitable part of being a landlord, and you may find that the best course of action is to be accommodating, find a new tenant who is keen to live in your property, and allow your former tenant to move on.